A brief history of Northwestern College
Northwestern is a Christian college in the Reformed tradition. That tradition goes back to the 16th-century Protestant Reformation and to the work of John Calvin. Calvinist churches spread throughout continental Europe and the rest of the English-speaking world, including North America, where their best-known representatives have been the Puritans and the Presbyterians. Reformed Christianity was the dominant religious influence in colonial America. In the early 17th century, Dutch Calvinist immigrants settled in what is now New York, where the first Reformed Church was organized in 1628. This makes the Reformed Church in America, Northwestern’s founding denomination, the oldest Protestant denomination in North America with a continuous ministry.
A second Dutch migration to the New World-this time to the Midwest in the 19th century-brought immigrants who desired freedom of religious expression and opportunities for a better life in general. The best-known settlements of the Dutch Reformed immigrants of this time were Holland, Michigan, and Pella, Iowa, both begun in 1847. Most of these immigrants soon joined the Reformed Church in America. In the 1870s some Pella residents, led by Henry Hospers, moved to inexpensive, fertile land in northwestern Iowa, about forty miles north of Sioux City. They named their main settlement Orange City, after the Dutch royal house.
In 1872, the Reverend Seine Bolks became the first pastor of Orange City’s First Reformed Church. One of the founders of what became Hope College in Holland, Michigan, he desired to establish a Christian classical academy in Orange City to prepare students for college and ultimately for ministry in the Reformed Church in America. Grasshopper scourges and intermittent floods, hailstorms and droughts delayed fulfillment of that dream. After considerable economic hardship, the area’s Dutch Reformed people, led by Bolks and Hospers, incorporated the Northwestern Classical Academy on July 19, 1882, with the motto “Deus est lux” (God is light). The constitution called for establishing an institution of learning “for the promotion of science and literature in harmony with, and religion as expressed in, the doctrinal standards of the Reformed Church in America.”
Hospers donated much of the land on which Northwestern is located. Zwemer Hall, the first permanent building, was erected in 1894; it is now the college’s administration building and is listed in the National Register of Historic Places.
The academy grew from 25 students in the first year to around 70 within a decade. The curriculum expanded to embrace subjects such as education and business in addition to classical studies such as Latin. Soon academy graduates included educators and other professionals.
In 1928 the academy added a junior college. The Great Depression hit Northwestern hard, resulting in salary cuts for faculty. Despite the suggestion from the Reformed Church’s Board of Education in 1932 that the junior college close temporarily, President Jacob Heemstra kept Northwestern afloat. After World War II, enrollment increased steadily. With that growth came the construction of a number of buildings in the 1950s.
Northwestern became a four-year teacher-training college, awarding its first bachelor’s degrees in 1961, the same year the academy ceased operation. Four years later, the Board of Trustees approved the development of a liberal arts program. As enrollment doubled to more than 760 in the 1960s, three dorms and Ramaker Library were built.
The North Central Association granted the college full accreditation in 1970. The football team won the college’s first NAIA national championship in 1973, and Northwestern began offering opportunities to intern in Chicago and study abroad a year later.
Northwestern’s Christian dimension was strengthened in the 1980s as the institution joined the Council for Christian Colleges & Universities, began offering spring and summer short-term mission opportunities, and emphasized discipleship groups. The percentage of faculty who earned doctorates or the highest degree in their field increased from less than 50% to 75%. In addition, majors were added in accounting, Christian education, communication, computer science and social work. Despite Iowa’s farm crisis, funds were raised to build Christ Chapel and enrollment grew to more than 1,000 by the end of the decade.
A number of building and renovation projects were completed by the end of the 20th century, and enrollment continued a steady incline. Northwestern’s academic reputation was strengthened when faculty members were named Iowa’s Professor of the Year in 2004 and 2006. The 2000s also saw an expansion of the study abroad program, construction of new facilities for art and theatre, five national championships in men’s and women’s basketball, and a campus-wide emphasis on helping students discover their calling by better integrating their academic, service and co-curricular experiences.
Adhering to its original mission of providing a Christ-centered education and still strongly connected to the Reformed Church in America, Northwestern has achieved recognition as a high-quality, genuinely Christian, liberal arts college. As in the past, Northwestern looks to the future with confidence and faith that God’s light will continue to guide.
Northwestern and the liberal arts
Northwestern College claims the liberal arts tradition as its own. That tradition can trace its roots to ancient Rome and Greece, continuing through the Middle Ages in studies designed to develop the human intellect, with the focus on knowledge, reflection and understanding. The seven liberal arts originally included arithmetic, astronomy, geometry, grammar, logic, music and rhetoric. The Renaissance added the ancient languages and the classics, along with a new emphasis on the dignity of the individual. With the Reformation, theology and scriptural studies became central, and people were called upon not only to know God but also to serve him.
The scientific revolution and the Enlightenment ushered in a renewed interest in the natural world and a new approach to truth that stressed experience, observation and human reason. These developments brought both benefits and problems. Perhaps chief among the latter was the Enlightenment tendency to ignore the Christian theological presuppositions that informed previous intellectual efforts. Even Christian colleges have felt these effects, although many have remained committed to a Christ-centered view of life and to the important role of the liberal arts in developing such a view.
Throughout the development of the liberal arts tradition, the major purposes have been to understand the human and the humane; to liberate and enlarge the intellect; to develop, through study and contemplation over time, habits of thought and commitment that become part of a comprehensive world view; and to refine basic and liberating skills such as communication, critical thinking and decision-making. As a liberal arts college, infused with a distinctively Christian perspective, Northwestern seeks to teach and to practice the unity and universality of God’s truth. Foundational to a Northwestern College education is our Integrative General Education (IGE) program. IGE includes a First-Year Seminar, Core Courses in biblical and theological studies, a menu of courses in ten Integrative Learning Categories, and a Senior Seminar. Along with this solid foundation, Northwestern offers majors and professional programs that seek to broaden and deepen the understanding of truth, beauty and justice, and to prepare students for lives of service and work to the glory of God.
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